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#218
Resilience of Fusion Blankets to Tokamak Disruptions and Runaway Electrons Oral
Matthew Beidler (Oak Ridge National Laboratory)
J. Dregney, R. Datta, O. Lopez
Abstract
Fusion blankets must be designed to extract energy, breed tritium, and handle the high heat loads from fusion energy reactors. However, all magnetic confinement concepts are prone to disruptions, and tokamaks are additionally vulnerable to runaway electron (RE) generation. Induced currents and J×B forces pose unique structural challenges distinct from conventional plasma-facing component damage in surrounding conductive structures, including the blanket. This work models disruptions and RE generation in the Compact Advanced Tokamak (CAT) reactor concept [1] with different blanket concepts. We simulate RE beam dynamics and electromagnetic coupling using M3D-C1's multi-region capabilities [2] and magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) RE-fluid model [3]. We begin with 2D nonlinear simulations, where the thermal quench (TQ) is initiated by an unphysically large perpendicular thermal conductivity, then continue with 2D simulations of impurity-triggered TQs, and, finally, 3D simulations. We find that a toroidally symmetric lead-lithium (TSLL) blanket is passively stable to vertical displacement events (VDEs), as compared to a dual coolant lead-lithium (DCLL) blanket. Additionally, fewer REs are generated in the TSLL blanket due to induced toroidal currents in this blanket concept. However, these benefits come at the cost of significantly increased static radial forces on the blanket. Understanding how this increased force affects the MHD pressure drop in the blanket requires additional study. The toroidal currents induced in the TSLL blanket also screen out the changing poloidal field from the plasma, which has additional implications for the pumping pressure needed to circulate the liquid metal through the blanket. [1] R.J. Buttery et al., Nucl. Fusion 61, 046028 (2021) [2] N.M. Ferraro et al., Phys. Plasmas 23, 056114 (2016) [3] C. Zhao et al., Nucl. Fusion 60, 126017 (2020) This work is supported by the US DOE under contracts DE-AC05-00OR22725 and used resources of the National Energy Research Scientific Computing Center (NERSC), a U.S. Department of Energy Office of Science User Facility using NERSC award FES-ERCAP0033279. This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Office of Workforce Development for Teachers and Scientists (WDTS) under the Science Undergraduate Laboratory Internships (SULI) Program.
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