This is the homepage for the Chalmers Plasma Theory group's numerical tools for simulating runaway electrons. Our research has led to the development of a number of numerical tools that can be used to study runaway electrons, mainly in tokamak plasmas but some also in other plasmas where such particles are present. The tools have been used in several scientific studies which have been published in peer-reviewed journals such as Physical Review Letters, Nuclear Fusion and Physics of Plasmas, among many others.

Numeric tools

DREAM

Disruption Runaway Electron Avoidance Model
C++ GitHub Documentation

  • Self-consistent runaway and background plasma simulation
  • Fluid RE or bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck equation
  • User-friendly Python interface

disruption, fokker-planck, self-consistent, electric field diffusion

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SOFT

Synchrotron-detecting Orbit Following Toolkit
C++ GitHub Documentation

  • Computes detected synchrotron and bremsstrahlung
  • Simulates image, spectrum, Stokes parameters and more
  • Works in arbitrary tokamak magnetic field geometry

synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, image, spectrum, polarization

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STREAM

STartup Runaway Electron Analysis Model
C++ GitHub

  • Self-consistent burn-through simulations with runaways
  • Based on DREAM
  • User-friendly Python interface

startup, burn-through, self-consistent, electric field diffusion, runaway electrons

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GO

Radial evolution of runaway beam
Matlab

  • 1D model for runaway current and electric field evolution
  • Simulates impurity injection
  • Includes ohmic heating, line radiation, bremsstrahlung, rate equations for ionizations and collisional energy exchange

Note: This code has been superseded by DREAM.

radial, electric field, diffusion, magnetic field perturbations

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CODE

COllisional Distributions of Electrons
Matlab

  • Solves the spatially homogeneous linear Fokker-Planck equation
  • Avalanche source, self-consistent electric field, partial screening of ions and more
  • Synchrotron and bremsstrahlung losses

Note: This code has been superseded by DREAM.

linear fokker-planck, avalanche, synchrotron, bremsstrahlung, partial screening, matlab

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CODION

COllisional Distributions of IONs
Matlab GitHub

  • Solves spatially homogeneous linear Fokker-Planck equation for ions

linear fokker-planck, runaway ions, matlab

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NORSE

NOn-linear Relativistic Solver for Electrons
Matlab GitHub Documentation

  • Solves the spatially homogeneous kinetic equation with non-linear Fokker-Planck operator
  • Synchrotron losses
  • Self-consistent electric field evolution
  • Written in object-oriented Matlab

Note: This code has been superseded by DREAM.

non-linear fokker-planck, synchrotron, self-consistent electric field, matlab

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SYRUP

SYnchrotron spectra from RUnaway Particles
Matlab

  • Calculates emitted synchrotron spectrum
  • For single-particle or (CODE) distributions of electrons

Note: This code has been superseded by SOFT.

synchrotron spectrum, CODE distribution function, matlab

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Scripts

In addition to the complete codes presented above, we have also written a number of scripts which runaway electron physicists may find useful. The scripts are provided under open source licenses, free-of-charge, for your convenience.

Name Language Description
Eceff MATLAB A script to calculate the effective critical electric field for runaway generation in the presence of partially ionized impurities.

About

The tools on this page are developed by the Plasma Theory group at Chalmers University of Technology, Sweden, together with a number of collaborators at other institutes and universities.

Development team
For emails, add the following: Chalmers = @chalmers.se, KTH = @kth.se
Name Email Institution
Prof. Tünde Fülöp tunde Chalmers
Dr. Mathias Hoppe mhop KTH
Dr. István Pusztai pusztai Chalmers
Oskar Vallhagen vallhagen Chalmers
Ida Ekmark ekmark Chalmers
For enquiries about this webpage or the tools presented here, please contact either Mathias or Tünde.

References

Below you will find a list of references to scientific publications involving the tools presented on this page. The references that are underlined are considered to be key references that should be cited by any publication using the tool in question.

Have you published results with any of our tools and would like the publication to appear below? We'd love to include it, so please contact us!